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Title : Beyond HDL and LDL
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Beyond HDL and LDL

Though High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) share the cholesterol spotlight, there are other lipoproteins floating around your bloodstream. Reading about them might help you better understand the effect of cholesterol in your body and on your health.

Chylomicrons

Chylomicrons (pronounced KYE-low-my-krons) have the highest ratio of fat to protein, and their job is to bring energy in the form of fat into muscles. Even though these molecules are high in fat, it’s believed that they do not cause heart disease for two reasons. First, chylomicrons are 90 percent triglyceride by weight and have very little cholesterol in them. Second, people with normal lipid metabolism clear chylomicrons from the bloodstream about twelve hours after eating a fatty meal. In fact, this is the reason we ask patients to fast for twelve hours before getting a cholesterol test— so that chylomicrons will not be in the blood at all. This allows your doctor to get an accurate reading of the other lipoproteins, the ones that are thought to have more of an impact on heart disease risk.

If you have normal lipid metabolism, the intestines package the triglycerides from the fat in the food you eat into chylomicrons and release them into the bloodstream. Chylomicrons then release many of their fatty acids into the body’s tissues (like the heart and skeletal muscles), providing them with the energy they need to function. The rest of the chylomicron, the chylomicron remnant, travels on to the liver, where it is filtered out of the bloodstream.

The fatty acids carried in circulating chylomicrons may encounter one of three fates: they can be used for energy by various body tissues; they can be taken up by adipose (or fat) tissue and stored for future energy use; or they can go to the liver, where they are either used as fuel or resynthesized into triglycerides. If they go to the liver, that organ takes the resynthesized triglycerides, packages them with cholesterol and proteins, and releases the packages into the bloodstream as very low-density

lipoproteins (VLDL).

Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)

VLDL are made by the liver from fat, protein, and carbohydrates from your diet. They perform a similar function as chylomicrons—bringing fat to muscles so they can use it as energy. Unlike chylomicrons, however, when your body removes some triglycerides from a VLDL particle for energy, it becomes an LDL.

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